sábado, 6 de dezembro de 2014

Armamento_4


-Morteiros, em Setembro de 1939 as unidades estavam equipadas com:                                      12 Morteiros T 8cm m/917 (Stokes);                                                                                             16 Morteiros I 8cm m/931 (Brandt);                                                                                               240 Morteiros I 8cm m/937 (FBP);                                                                                             este ultimo era o Mortáio da 81/14 Modello.1935 da CEMSA Italiano com um alcance de 4050m, o melhor morteiro médio da 2ªGuerra Mundial. Em 1940 foram enviados para as Colónias os 12 m/917, 14 m/931 e 23 m/937, continuando a produção do m/937 para sua substituição. Em 1943 chegaram os Lança-granadas 5cm m/43 para o escalão Companhia.

-Mortars, in September 1939 units were equipped with: 12 Mortars T 8cm m/917 (Stokes); 16 Mortars I 8cm m/931 (Brandt) and 240 Mortars I 8cm m/937 (FBP); the latter was the mortaio of 81/14 Modello.1935 of Italian CEMSA with a range of 4050m, the best average mortar World War II. In 1940 some were sent to the Colonies, the 12 m/917, 14 m/931 and the 23 m/937, continuing the m/937 in production for the replacement of those sent to the Colonies. In 1943 came the 5cm m/43 Grenade Launcher started to be employed at Rifle Company level.

-Artilharia de Campanha, em Setembro de 1939 as unidades estavam equipadas com:                          10 Peça Montanha 7cm/17 TR m/906-911 (Schneider);                                                                72 Peça 7,5cm/30 TR m/904 (Schneider-Canet);                                                                           41 Peça 7,5cm/36 TR m/917 (Schneider);                                                                                     44 Obus 11,4cm/16 TR m/917;                                                                                                       8 Obus 15cm/13 TR m/918 (Vickers);                                                                                          no total 175 peças de artilharia sobreviventes da 1ªGuerra Mundial, parte das peças estavam recolhidas no DGMG para reparação e as unidades tinham apenas o mínimo indispensável para instrução. Dos 44 Obus 11,4cm/16 TR m/917, apenas 14 eram originais da 1ªGuerra Mundial, tendo os outros 30 sido fornecidos por Franco depois da Guerra Civil de Espanha, pertenciam a um lote de 400 fornecidos pelos Britânicos aos Russos, que por sua vês os enviaram para os Republicanos, tinham as inscrições em Russo e vieram com grandes quantidades de munições. Em 1940 encomendaram-se em Itália 93 Obus Montanha 7,5cm/18 m/40 (Ansaldo), destes chegariam 56, em Maio 1941 (40 Tração Hipo) e Fevereiro-Junho 1942 (16 Tração Auto). Em 1941 encomendaram-se na Alemanha 108 Obus 10,5cm/28 m/41 (Krupp) (Tração Hipo) e (Rheinmetall) (Tração Auto), destes chegariam 101, em Março 1941 (K) e 12 Março-Abril 1942 (R), para os (Krupp) foram comprados cavalos na Argentina. Em 1941 encomendaram-se na Alemanha 48 Obus 15cm/30 m/41 (Krupp), destes chegariam 31 em Junho 1941, deveriam ser rebocados por Tratores Lagarta Praga T6 6TON D mA/42, mas estes só chegaram em Outubro 1942 e revelar-se-iam demasiado ligeiros para o peso das peças. Só em 1943 é que chegaram da Inglaterra 108 Obus 8,8cm/27 m/43 e 36 Obus 14cm/30 m/43 que reequipariam definitivamente a artilharia de campanha. Em Setembro 1939 as quantidades de munições de artilharia eram limitadas, assim forneço alguns exemplos; apenas 69 G. E. (Granada Explosiva) m/918 e G. B. (Granada de Balas) m/918 para o Obus 15cm/13 TR m/918 (Vickers); e 11524 G. B. (Granada de Balas) m/904 para o Peça 7,5cm/30 TR m/904 (Schneider-Canet), desconheço o número de G. E. (Granada Explosiva) m/904.

-Field Artillery, in September 1939 units were equipped with: 10 7cm/17 TR m/906-911 (Schneider) Mountain Guns; 72 7,5cm/30 TR m/904 (Schneider-Canet) Field Guns; 41 7,5cm/36 TR m/917 (Schneider) Field Guns; 44 11,4cm/16 TR m/917 Field Howitzers; 8 15cm/13 TR m/918 (Vickers) Heavy Howitzers; in total 175 artillery pieces, survivors of World War I, part of these pieces were in DGMG depot for repairing, units having only the bare minimum for instruction. Of the 44 11,4cm/16 TR m/917, only 14 were original from World War I, the other 30 were provided by Franco after the Spanish Civil War, they belonged to a batch of 400 provided by the British to the Russians, who then sent them to the Republicans, they had Russian inscriptions and came with large amounts of ammunition. In 1940 93 7,5cm/18 m/40 (Ansaldo) Mountain Howitzers were bought in Italy, of these only 56 would be delivered in May 1941 (40 Horse Traction) and February-June 1942 (16 Motor Traction). In 1941 108 10,5cm/28 m/41 (Krupp) (Horse Traction) and (Rheinmetall) (Motor Traction) Field Howitzers were bought in Germany, of these only 101 would be delivered in March 1941 (K) and 12 March-April 1942 (R), for the (Krupp) horses were bought in Argentina. In 1941 48 15cm/30 m/41 (Krupp) Heavy Howitzers were bought in Germany, of these only 31 would be delivered in June 1941, they should be towed by Praga T6 6TON D mA/42, but these only arrived in October 1942 and would shown too light for the weight of the equipment. Only in 1943 arrived from England 108 8,8cm/27 m/43 Field Gun-Howitzers and 36 14cm/30 m/43 Heavy Gun-Howitzers reequipping definitely the field artillery. In September 1939 the artillery shells available were limited, so some examples; only 69 GE m/918 (HE shell) and GB m/918 (Shrapnel Shell) to 15cm/13 TR m/918 (Vickers) Heavy Howitzers; and 11524 GB m/904 (Shrapnel Shell) to 7,5cm/30 TR m/904 (Schneider-Canet), I do not know the number of GE m/904 (HE shell) available.

-Artilharia de Costa, em Setembro de 1939 as unidades estavam equipadas com:                          8 Peca Costa 7,5cm/45 TR m/902-931 (Krupp);                                                                           14 Peca Costa 15cm/40 m/97 (Krupp);                                                                                          14 Peca Costa 15cm/40 m/902 (Krupp);                                                                                         32 Obus Costa 28cm/12 m/97 (Krupp);                                                                                          6 Peça Costa 28cm/22 m/75-902 (Krupp);                                                                                 estes foram apoiados por 2 Peça Costa 18cm/45 m/918 (US) que haviam sido instalados nos Açores durante a 1ªGuerra Mundial pelos US Marine Corps. A Armada contribuiu também com 2 Peca Costa 10cm/43 TR m/AP (Armstrong) para defesa do Porto de Ponta Delgada nos Açores, 4 Peca Costa 10,5cm/40 TR m/AP (Krupp) para defesa do Porto de Lisboa, 4 Peca Costa 15cm/45 TR m/AP (Armstrong) para defesa do Porto da Horta nos Açores, 2 Peca Costa 15cm/45 TR m/AP (Schneider-Canet) e 2 Peca Costa 20cm/40 m/AP (Armstrong) para defesa de Cabo Verde. Seriam ainda fornecidos pelos Ingleses 3 Peca Costa 12cm/45 TR m/41 (Vickers) em Junho de 1941 para defesa de Cabo Verde e 3 Peca Costa 19cm/45 m/43 (Vickers-Armstrong) em Junho de 1944 para defesa de Moçambique. Quando a Armada forneceu os 4 Peca Costa 15cm/45 TR m/AP (Armstrong), estes vieram com 111 G. G. C. (Granada Grande Capacidade) m/1895, 84 G. O. (Granada Ordinária) e 56 G. A. (Granada Aço) m/1895.

-Coastal Artillery, in September 1939 units were equipped with: 8 7,5cm/45 TR m/902-931 (Krupp); 14 15cm/40 m/97 (Krupp); 14 15cm/40 m/902 (Krupp); 32 28cm/12 m/97 (Krupp); 6 28cm/22 m/75-902 (Krupp); these were supported by 2 18cm/45 m/918 (US) that had been installed in the Azores during World War I by the US Marine Corps. The Navy also contributed with 2 10cm/43 TR m/AP (Armstrong) to defend the Ponta Delgada Port in the Azores, 4 10,5cm/40 TR m/AP (Krupp) to defend the Lisbon Port, 4 15cm/45 TR m/AP (Armstrong) to defend the Horta Port in the Azores, 2 15cm/45 TR m/AP (Schneider-Canet) and 2 20cm/40 m/AP (Armstrong) for defense of Cape Verde Islands. It would still be provided by the British 3 12cm/45 TR m/41 (Vickers) in June 1941 for the defense of Cape Verde and 3 19cm/45 m/43 (Vickers-Armstrong) in June 1944 for Mozambique defense. When the Navy provided the 4 15cm/45 TR m/AP (Armstrong), these came with 111 GGC (Large Capacity Shell) m/1895 84 GO (Ordinary Shell) and 56 GA (Steel Shell) m / 1895.

-Artilharia Antiaérea, em Setembro de 1939 as unidades estavam equipadas apenas com 12 Peça AA 7,5cm/40 SA m/931 (Vickers) rebocadas por Tratores Lagarta Vickers 2,6TON m/931. No início de 1941 chegaram 54 Peça AA 4cm/60 m/40 (Bofors) encomendadas em 1940, estes seriam complementados durante a guerra por perto de 200 Peça AA 4cm/60 m/42 (Bofors). Em fins de 1940 foram recebidos 28 Peça AA 9,4cm/50 m/40 (Vickers) móveis e entre Agosto 1941 e 17/11/42 foram fornecidas 60 Peça AA 9,4cm/50 SF m/40 (Vickers) fixos, e em Agosto 1943 foram recebidos mais 36 Peça AA 9,4cm/50 SF m/40 (Vickers) fixos. Em 1943 chegaram da Alemanha 87 Metralhadoras Pesadas AA 20mm m/43, estas equiparam a Arma de Infantaria.

-Antiaircraft Artillery, in September 1939 units were equipped with only 12 AA 7,5cm/40 SA m/931 (Vickers) towed by Vickers 2,6TON m/931. In early 1941 came 54 AA 4cm/60 m/40 (Bofors) bought in 1940, these would be complemented during the war with around 200 AA 4cm/60 m/42 (Bofors). In late 1940 came 28 AA 9,4cm/50 m/40 (Vickers) mobile and between August 1941 and 17/11/42 came 60 AA 9,4cm/50 SF m/40 (Vickers) fixed, and in August 1943 were received 36 more AA 9,4cm/50 SF m/40 (Vickers) fixed. In 1943 arrived from Germany 87 AA 20mm m/43 Heavy AA Machineguns, these equipping the Infantry Arm.

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